TranslateUPSC Mains PYQ Explorer
Fourteen years of UPSC Mains previous-year questions (2013–2026) — Essay + GS Papers I–IV — mapped topic-wise and decoded with what UPSC is testing and how to approach each answer.
Every UPSC General Studies Paper II (Polity, Governance, Constitution, Social Justice, International Relations) Mains previous-year question from 2013 to 2026, arranged chapter and subtopic-wise with model answer approaches.
GS2 PYQ Analysis
285 questions · 15 chapters · 2013-2026
285
Total PYQs
3497.5
Total Marks
15
Chapters
Year-wise question count (2013-2026)
SLOT 1 - POLITY
- 1.Historical underpinnings, evolution, Features, amendments, significant provisions & basic structure.
- 2.Comparison of Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.
Polity
Functions & responsibilities of the Union and the States; Issues and challenges of federal structure. Devolution of powers and finances to local levels; challenges therein.
Polity
Separation of Powers (between the different organs); Dispute Redressal Mechanisms and Institutions
Polity
- 1.Union and State Legislatures (structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges; issues therein)
- 2.Salient Features of the Representation of People's Act.
Polity
Structure, Organization and Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary ; Ministries and Departments of the Government.
Polity
- 1.Appointment to various Constitutional posts; Constitutional Bodies (powers, functions and responsibilities)
- 2.Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi-judicial bodies.
Polity
SLOT 2 – WELFARE SCHEMES & SOCIAL JUSTICE
Welfare Schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of vulnerable sections.
Welfare Schemes & Social Justice
Issues relating to Development and Management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
Welfare Schemes & Social Justice
Issues relating to Poverty and Hunger.
Welfare Schemes & Social Justice
SLOT 3: GOVERNANCE
Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency and Accountability; E-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; Citizens Charters, Transparency & Accountability and institutional and other measures.
Governance
- 1.Government Policies & Interventions for development of various sectors (issues in their design, implementation);
- 2.Development Processes & Development industry (role of NGOs, SHGs, groups & associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders);
- 3.Pressure Groups and Formal/Informal Associations and their Role in the Polity.
Governance
Role of Civil Services in a Democracy
Governance
SLOT 4: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
India and its Neighbourhood- Relations
International Relations
Effect of Policies & Politics of Developed and Developing countries on India (India’s interests, diaspora)
International Relations
- 1.Important International institutions, agencies, for a (structure, mandate)
- 2.Bilateral, Regional, Global Groupings and Agreements (involving and/or affecting India)
International Relations
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